If you avoid eating cold foods or drinking hot beverages because your teeth are sensitive, it may be time to get to the bottom of this painful condition. So, what causes sensitive teeth? Any number of underlying dental problems and a diagnosis starts with your dentist.
Origin of Dentin Hypersensitivity
The inside of your tooth is primarily made up of a material called dentin, which contains microscopic tubules filled with tiny nerve endings. A hard-outer layer of enamel protects the dentin within the crown portion of your tooth, and the dentin extending down to the root of your tooth is protected by a layer of cementum. Dentin hypersensitivity or nerve irritation occurs whenever dentin loses its protective covering of enamel or cementum, exposing the nerve endings to hot, cold, acidic or sticky foods. Ouch!
Causes of Sensitive Teeth
Sensitive teeth can be caused by the following dental issues:
Worn tooth enamel from using a hard toothbrush and using a hard grip while brushing aggressively
Tooth erosion due to highly acidic foods and beverages
Tooth decay, worn leaky fillings and broken teeth that expose the dentin of your tooth
Gum recession that leaves your root surface exposed
Grinding your teeth at night
Post dental treatment sensitivity – common, but temporary, especially with procedures such as crowns, fillings and tooth bleaching
Preliminary Dental Treatment
Having a conversation with your dentist is the first step in finding relief from your discomfort. Describe your symptoms, tell your dentist when the pain started and let him or her know if there's anything that normally makes it feel better, such as warm compresses.
After your dentist determines the reason for your sensitivity, he or she will treat the underlying cause. Treatment may be as simple as fixing a cavity or replacing a worn filling. However, if your discomfort comes from gum loss exposing root surfaces, your dentist may suggest a gum graft that a periodontist would conduct to protect the root surface and support of the tooth.
Desensitising Products
Even in situations where there is no obvious cause for your pain, there are numerous treatments to help you manage the sensitivity. Your dentist can apply an in-office fluoride gel to strengthen the tooth enamel and reduce painful sensations, while over-the-counter desensitising toothpastes can block off the nerve endings in the exposed dentin. Sensitivity toothpastes should be used on a regular basis, for best results that you can notice in as little as two weeks. Your dentist may also suggest that you rub some of the toothpaste directly on the affected areas after toothbrushing.
What causes sensitive teeth is a mystery you can solve with some input from your dentist. So, if you've been suffering with painful sensitivity that keeps you from eating the foods you love, make an appointment with your dentist today – and you may be eating ice cream tomorrow.